Selected figures on trade, investment, population and energy. Each chart gives its source, and the full data can be downloaded as a spreadsheet.
For the EU, India is the ninth-largest partner in goods. For India, the EU is among the three largest. Investment runs mostly one way: the stock of EU direct investment in India is almost ten times the reverse.
| Measure | EU in India | India in the EU |
|---|---|---|
| Share of the partner’s goods trade, 2025, % | 11.1 | 2.3 |
| Direct investment stock, 2024, € bn | 132.9 | 13.8 |
Goods trade by product group in 2025. Machinery travels in both directions in almost equal value; chemicals, textiles and metals flow mainly from India to Europe, transport equipment and instruments mainly from Europe to India. Totals: €48.9 bn from the EU to India, €69.5 bn from India to the EU.
| Product group | EU to India, € bn | India to the EU, € bn |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery and appliances | 17.7 | 15.7 |
| Chemical products | 6.6 | 15.7 |
| Textiles | 0.7 | 7.2 |
| Base metals | 4.9 | 6.8 |
| Transport equipment | 6.2 | 2.7 |
| Mineral products (incl. fuels) | 0.6 | 5.2 |
| Optical/medical instruments | 3.7 | 1.1 |
| Plastics and rubber | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Pearls, precious metals | 1.9 | 2.5 |
| Vegetable products | 0.3 | 2.5 |
In each of the last five years the EU bought more from India than it sold there; since 2022 the gap has been €17–23 bn a year.
| Year | EU exports to India, € bn | EU imports from India, € bn |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 41.8 | 46.2 |
| 2022 | 47.6 | 67.8 |
| 2023 | 48.5 | 65.4 |
| 2024 | 48.8 | 71.5 |
| 2025 | 48.9 | 69.5 |
India’s median age is 29, the EU’s 45. Four in ten people in India are under 25, against one in four in the EU.
| Measure | India | EU-27 | Germany |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, years | 28.8 | 44.9 | 45.5 |
| Under 25, % of population | 41.7 | 25.1 | 23.4 |
| 65 and over, % of population | 7.4 | 22.4 | 23.7 |
At market exchange rates India produces 3.3% of world output; adjusted for what money buys at home, 8.1%. The EU’s share moves the other way.
| Economy | Share of world GDP at market exchange rates, % | Share of world GDP at purchasing-power parity, % |
|---|---|---|
| India | 3.3 | 8.1 |
| EU-27 | 18.0 | 14.0 |
| Germany | 4.3 | 3.0 |
Share of world GDP, 2025.
From 124,095 at the end of 2018 to 311,130 at the end of 2025.
| End of year | Indian citizens in Germany |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 124,095 |
| 2019 | 143,725 |
| 2020 | 150,840 |
| 2021 | 171,895 |
| 2022 | 210,385 |
| 2023 | 246,125 |
| 2024 | 277,455 |
| 2025 | 311,130 |
India emits more carbon dioxide in total than the EU, but less than half as much per person. Low-carbon sources produced 27% of India’s electricity in 2025 and 71% of the EU’s.
| Measure | India | EU-27 | Germany |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ per person, tonnes, 2024 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 6.8 |
| Low-carbon share of electricity, 2025, % | 27 | 71 | 59 |
Facts and figures checked 17 October 2026.
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